[1] Bhattacharyya, K., Pop, I.: MHD boundary layer flow due to an exponentially shrinking sheet. Magnetohydrodynamics 47 (2011), 337-344. DOI 10.22364/mhd.47.4.2

[2] Brown, S. N., Stewartson, K.: Laminar separation. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 1 Annual Reviews, Palo Alto (1969), 45-72. DOI 10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.000401 | Zbl 0207.25101

[3] Buckmaster, J.: Separation and magnetohydrodynamics. J. Fluid Mech. 38 (1969), 481-498. DOI 10.1017/S0022112069000292 | Zbl 0187.25302

[4] Bulatova, R. R., Chechkin, G. A., Chechkina, T. P., Samokhin, V. N.: On the influence of a magnetic field on the separation of the boundary layer of a non-Newtonian MHD medium. C. R. Mecanique 346 (2018), 807-814. DOI 10.1016/j.crme.2018.06.010

[5] Bulatova, P. P., Samokhin, V. N., Chechkin, G. A.: Equations of magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer for a modified incompressible viscous medium: Boundary layer separation. J. Math. Sci., New York 232 (2018), 299-321. DOI 10.1007/s10958-018-3874-1 | MR 3813482 | Zbl 1397.76159

[6] Chan, C., Czubak, M., Yoneda, T.: An ODE for boundary layer separation on a sphere and a hyperbolic space. Physica D 282 (2014), 34-38. DOI 10.1016/j.physd.2014.05.004 | MR 3217422 | Zbl 1349.76076

[7] Chen, D., Ren, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z.: Global well-posedness of the 2-D magnetic Prandtl model in the Prandtl-Hartmann regime. Asymptotic Anal. 120 (2020), 373-393. DOI 10.3233/ASY-191593 | MR 4169212 | Zbl 1472.35288

[8] Dalibard, A.-L., Masmoudi, N.: Separation for the stationary Prandtl equation. Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 130 (2019), 187-297. DOI 10.1007/s10240-019-00110-z | MR 4028516 | Zbl 1427.35201

[9] E, W.: Boundary layer theory and the zero-viscosity limit of the Navier-Stokes equation. Acta Math. Sin., Engl. Ser. 16 (2000), 207-218. DOI 10.1007/s101140000034 | MR 1778702 | Zbl 0961.35101

[10] Gao, J., Li, M., Yao, Z.: Higher regularity and asymptotic behavior of 2D magnetic Prandtl model in the Prandtl-Hartmann regime. J. Differ. Equations 386 (2024), 294-367. DOI 10.1016/j.jde.2023.12.030 | MR 4687368 | Zbl 1533.35272

[11] Gérard-Varet, D., Prestipino, M.: Formal derivation and stability analysis of boundary layer models in MHD. Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 68 (2017), Article ID 76, 16 pages. DOI 10.1007/s00033-017-0820-x | MR 3657241 | Zbl 1432.76285

[12] Ghil, M., Liu, J.-G., Wang, C., Wang, S.: Boundary-layer separation and adverse pressure gradient for 2-D viscous incompressible flow. Physica D 197 (2004), 149-173. DOI 10.1016/j.physd.2004.06.012 | MR 2092098 | Zbl 1054.76025

[13] Goldstein, S.: On laminar boundary-layer flow near a position of separation. Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 1 (1948), 43-69. DOI 10.1093/qjmam/1.1.43 | MR 0027197 | Zbl 0033.31701

[14] Han, D., Mazzucato, A., Niu, D., Wang, X.: Boundary layer for a class of nonlinear pipe flow. J. Differ. Equations 252 (2012), 6387-6413. DOI 10.1016/j.jde.2012.02.012 | MR 2911839 | Zbl 1246.35159

[15] Ju, Q., Luo, T., Xu, X.: Singular limits for the Navier-Stokes-Poisson equations of the viscous plasma with the strong density boundary layer. Sci. China, Math. 66 (2023), 1495-1528. DOI 10.1007/s11425-022-2008-8 | MR 4603435 | Zbl 1524.76337

[16] Leibovich, S.: Magnetohydrodynamic flow at a rear stagnation point. J. Fluid Mech. 29 (1967), 401-413. DOI 10.1017/S0022112067000916 | Zbl 0204.28905

[17] Li, S., Xie, F.: Global solvability of 2D MHD boundary layer equations in analytic function spaces. J. Differ. Equations 299 (2021), 362-401. DOI 10.1016/j.jde.2021.07.025 | MR 4293727 | Zbl 1476.35205

[18] Li, S., Xie, F.: Long time well-posedness of compressible magnetohydrodynamics boundary layer equations in Sobolev space. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 44 (2024), 943-969. DOI 10.3934/dcds.2023133 | MR 4696147 | Zbl 1546.76116

[19] Li, W.-X., Xu, R., Yang, T.: Global well-posedness of a Prandtl model from MHD in Gevrey function spaces. Acta Math. Sci., Ser. B, Engl. Ed. 42 (2022), 2343-2366. DOI 10.1007/s10473-022-0609-7 | MR 4494626 | Zbl 1513.76172

[20] Liron, N., Wilhelm, H. E.: Integration of the magnetohydrodynamic boundary-layer equations by Meksyn's method. Z. angew. Math. Mech. 54 (1974), 27-37. DOI 10.1002/zamm.19740540105 | Zbl 0272.76061

[21] Liu, C.-J., Wang, D., Xie, F., Yang, T.: Magnetic effects on the solvability of 2D MHD boundary layer equations without resistivity in Sobolev spaces. J. Funct. Anal. 279 (2020), Article ID 108637, 44 pages. DOI 10.1016/j.jfa.2020.108637 | MR 4102162 | Zbl 1445.76097

[22] Liu, C.-J., Xie, F., Yang, T.: Justification of Prandtl ansatz for MHD boundary layer. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 51 (2019), 2748-2791. DOI 10.1137/18M1219618 | MR 3975147 | Zbl 1419.76555

[23] Liu, C.-J., Xie, F., Yang, T.: MHD boundary layers theory in Sobolev spaces without monotonicity. I. Well-posedness theory. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 72 (2019), 63-121. DOI 10.1002/cpa.21763 | MR 3882222 | Zbl 1404.35492

[24] Liu, C.-J., Yang, T., Zhang, Z.: Analysis of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave in the Prandtl-Hartmann regime. J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 165 (2022), 58-105. DOI 10.1016/j.matpur.2022.07.004 | MR 4470110 | Zbl 1496.35321

[25] Oleinik, O. A., Samokhin, V. N.: Mathematical Models in Boundary Layer Theory. Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation 15. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton (1999). MR 1697762 | Zbl 0928.76002

[26] Prandtl, L.: Über Flüssigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner Reibung. Verhandlungen des Dritten Internationalen Mathematiker-Kongresses in Heidelberg vom 8. bis 13. August 1904 B. G. Teubner, Leipzig (1905), 484-491 German \99999JFM99999 36.0800.02.

[27] Qin, Y., Dong, X., Wang, X.: Prandtl Equations and Related Boundary Layer Equations. Springer, Singapore (2024). DOI 10.1007/978-981-97-4565-4 | MR 4890567 | Zbl 1557.76005

[28] Rossow, V. J.: Boundary-Layer Stability Diagrams for Electrically Conducting Fluids in the Presence of a Magnetic Field: Technical Note 4282. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Washington (1959).

[29] Schlichting, H., Gersten, K.: Boundary-Layer Theory. Springer, Berlin (2017). DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5 | MR 3560442 | Zbl 1358.76001

[30] Shen, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, Z.: Boundary layer separation and local behavior for the steady Prandtl equation. Adv. Math. 389 (2021), Article ID 107896, 25 pages. DOI 10.1016/j.aim.2021.107896 | MR 4289038 | Zbl 1477.35178

[31] Uruba, V., Knob, M.: Dynamics of a boundary layer separation. Eng. Mech. 16 (2009), 29-38.

[32] Wang, Y.-G., Xie, F., Yang, T.: Local well-posedness of Prandtl equations for compressible flow in two space variables. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 47 (2015), 321-346. DOI 10.1137/140978466 | MR 3296610 | Zbl 1326.35290

[33] Wang, Y.-G., Zhu, S.-Y.: Well-posedness of thermal boundary layer equation in two-dimensional incompressible heat conducting flow with analytic datum. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 43 (2020), 4683-4716. DOI 10.1002/mma.6226 | MR 4085647 | Zbl 1440.76022

[34] Xie, F., Yang, T.: Global-in-time stability of 2D MHD boundary layer in the Prandtl-Hartmann regime. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 50 (2018), 5749-5760. DOI 10.1137/18M1174969 | MR 3873032 | Zbl 1402.76111

[35] Zou, Y., Wang, J.: Boundary layer separation for the steady compressible Prandtl equation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 527 (2023), Article ID 127379, 19 pages. DOI 10.1016/j.jmaa.2023.127379 | MR 4589207 | Zbl 1530.35240

[36] Zou, Y., Xu, X., Liu, G.: Separation of the two-dimensional steady MHD boundary layer. Physica D 459 (2024), Article ID 134049, 7 pages. DOI 10.1016/j.physd.2023.134049 | MR 4688140 | Zbl 1535.76031