Article
Full entry |
PDF
(0.6 MB)
Feedback
PDF
(0.6 MB)
Feedback
Summary:
Polovina Nobelovy ceny za fyziku byla v roce 2020 udělena Reinhardu Genzelovi a Andree Ghez za nepřímá pozorování superhmotné černé díry v centru Mléčné dráhy. Skupiny Genzela a Ghez totiž od devadesátých let pozorovaly orbitální dynamiku hvězd v našem galaktickém centru, z níž byly schopné vydedukovat přítomnost nesmírně hmotného a kompaktního tělesa, které hvězdy přitahuje. K tomu ale nejdříve musely vyvinout nové techniky pozorování, například tzv. adaptivní optiku, či mít "štěstí na hvězdy", které černou díru obíhají. To vše, včetně nejnovějšího vývoje v pozorování z roku 2018, je shrnuto v tomto článku.
References:
[1] Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Anugu, N., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J., Blind, N., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Buron, A.: Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astron. Astrophys. 615 (2018), L15. DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201833718
[2] Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cardoso, V., Clénet, Y., de Zeeuw, P., Dexter, J.: Detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole. Astron. Astrophys. 636 (2020), L5. DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/202037813
[3] Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Clénet, Y., Du Foresto, V. C., de Zeeuw, P., Deen, C.: Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole Sgr A*. Astron. Astrophys. 618 (2018), L10. DOI 10.1051/0004-6361/201834294
[4] Balick, B., Brown, R. L.: Intense sub-arcsecond structure in the galactic center. Astrophys. J. 194 (1974), 265–270. DOI 10.1086/153242
[5] Carr, B., Kohri, K., Sendouda, Y., Yokoyama, J.: New cosmological constraints on primordial black holes. Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010), 104019.
[6] Coleman Miller, M., Colbert, E. J.: Intermediate-mass black holes. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 13 (2004), 1–64. DOI 10.1142/S0218271804004426
[7] Do, T., Hees, A., Ghez, A., Martinez, G. D., Chu, D. S., Jia, S., Sakai, S., Lu, J. R., Gautam, A. K., O’neil, K. K.: Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic Center supermassive black hole. Science 365 (2019), 664–668. DOI 10.1126/science.aav8137
[8] Eckart, A., Genzel, R.: Observations of stellar proper motions near the galactic centre. Nature 383 (1996), 415–417. DOI 10.1038/383415a0
[9] Frank, J., King, A., Raine, D.: Accretion power in astrophysics. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
[10] Genzel, R.: Nobel lecture: A forty year journey. [online]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/genzel/lecture/
[11] Genzel, R., Townes, C.: Physical conditions, dynamics, and mass distribution in the center of the Galaxy. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25 (1987), 377–423. DOI 10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.002113
[12] Ghez, A.: Nobel lecture: From the possibility to the certainty of a supermassive black hole. [online]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/ghez/lecture/
[13] Ghez, A., Duchêne, G., Matthews, K., Hornstein, S., Tanner, A., Larkin, J., Morris, M., Becklin, E., Salim, S., Kremenek, T.: The first measurement of spectral lines in a short-period star bound to the galaxy’s central black hole: a paradox of youth. Astrophys. J. Lett. 586 (2003), L127–L131. DOI 10.1086/374804
[14] Ghez, A. M., Klein, B., Morris, M., Becklin, E.: High proper-motion stars in the vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. Astrophys. J. 509 (1998), 678–686. DOI 10.1086/306528
[15] Chandrasekhar, S.: The mathematical theory of black holes. Oxford University Press, 1998.
[16] Lewin, W. H., van den Heuvel, E. P., van Paradijs, J.: X-ray binaries. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
[17] Malik, J.: Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear explosions. Technical report. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 1985.
[18] Melia, F.: The black hole at the center of our galaxy. Princeton University Press, 2018.
[19] Miller, M. C., Miller, J. M.: The masses and spins of neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes. Phys. Rep. 548 (2015), 1–34. DOI 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.09.003 | MR 3291491
[20] Nobel Committee for Physics: Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2020: Theoretical foundations for black holes and the supermassive compact object at the galactic centre. [online]. http://nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/10/advanced-physicsprize2020.pdf
[21] Rees, M. J.: Black hole models for active galactic nuclei. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22 (1984), 471–506. DOI 10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002351
[22] Rousset, G., Lacombe, F., Puget, P., Hubin, N. N., Gendron, E., Fusco, T., Arsenault, R., Charton, J., Feautrier, P., Gigan, P.: NAOS – the first AO system of the VLT: on-sky performance. In: Wizinowich, P. L., Bonaccini, D.: Adaptive Optical System Technologies II. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2003, 140–149.
[23] Shapley, H.: A determination of the distance to the galactic center. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 25 (1939), 113–118. DOI 10.1073/pnas.25.3.113
[24] Shields, G. A.: A brief history of active galactic nuclei. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 111 (1999), 661–678. DOI 10.1086/316378
[25] Schödel, R., Ott, T., Genzel, R., Hofmann, R., Lehnert, M., Eckart, A., Mouawad, N., Alexander, T., Reid, M., Lenzen, R.: A star in a 15.2-year orbit around the supermassive black hole at the centre of the milky way. Nature 419 (2002), 694–696. DOI 10.1038/nature01121
[26] Volonteri, M.: Formation of supermassive black holes. Astron. Astrophys. Rev. 18 (2010), 279–315. DOI 10.1007/s00159-010-0029-x
[27] Wizinowich, P., Acton, D., Shelton, C., Stomski, P., Gathright, J., Ho, K., Lupton, W., Tsubota, K., Lai, O., Max, C.: First light adaptive optics images from the Keck II telescope: a new era of high angular resolution imagery. Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 112 (2000), 315–319. DOI 10.1086/316543
[28] Yuan, F., Narayan, R.: Hot accretion flows around black holes. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 52 (2014), 529–588. DOI 10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141003
Search
Partner of
