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Keywords:
time-ordering; matrix differential equation; time-ordered exponential; Lanczos algorithm; fundamental solution
time-ordering; matrix differential equation; time-ordered exponential; Lanczos algorithm; fundamental solution
Summary:
The time-ordered exponential of a time-dependent matrix $\mathsf {A}(t)$ is defined as the function of $\mathsf {A}(t)$ that solves the first-order system of coupled linear differential equations with non-constant coefficients encoded in $\mathsf {A}(t)$. The authors have recently proposed the first Lanczos-like algorithm capable of evaluating this function. This algorithm relies on inverses of time-dependent functions with respect to a non-commutative convolution-like product, denoted by $\ast $. Yet, the existence of such inverses, crucial to avoid algorithmic breakdowns, still needed to be proved. Here we constructively prove that $\ast $-inverses exist for all non-identically null, smooth, separable functions of two variables. As a corollary, we partially solve the Green's function inverse problem which, given a distribution $G$, asks for the differential operator whose fundamental solution is $G$. Our results are abundantly illustrated by examples.
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